This video reviews the administration, scoring, and interpretation of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). It includes an opportunity to view and practice scoring a full test for fall risk screening. The SPPB is a valid, reliable, and widely used test designed to assess lower extremity function in older adults. It typically includes three components:
- Balance Test: Participants perform standing balance tasks for up to 10 seconds in different positions. Positions include feet together, semi-tandem, and tandem.
- Gait Speed Test: Participants walk a short distance (usually 3 meters) at their normal pace and are timed for speed. Two trials are completed with the fastest time being used for scoring. Assistive devices may be used if needed.
- Five Times Sit to Stand Test: Participants rise from a chair to a standing position and back down five times without use of their arms, with the total time recorded.
The results of the SPPB fall risk screening tool are scored, with a maximum score of 12 points (4 points for each component). A score lower than 10 is predictive of all-cause mortality and indicates one or more mobility limitations. Administration and interpretation of this test helps healthcare providers evaluate and re-evaluate mobility, identify risk for falls, and tailor interventions to improve physical function.